Whitening: nano- vs. femto- pulse

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Whitening: nano- vs. femto- pulse

 

 

Melanosome is a very tiny particle suspended in the cytoplasm (70% is water). Because of its submicroscopic size, 0.3 – 1 μ in diameter, it cools “ultra”-fast – (i.e., 50% cool down in 100 ns). To get high temperature it is better to be heated within very short period of time before it get cooled. In short, laser pulse should be shorter than the 50% cooling time (“thermal relaxation time”, Tr). What happens if the pulse is longer than Tr? For example, if the heating time is 750ns, the first 100ns-heating stays in the melanosome to increase its temperature. But during the remaining portion of the pulse, (from 100th to 750th ns), the melanosome is leaking heat to the surroundings.

 

     Table 1 shows the energy required to get “whitening” (photo) according to the laser pulse durations. If the pulse is longer than 100ns (Tr), the threshold increase dramatically to 0.8 or 3.0 J/cm2 instead of 0.4 J/cm2 for 40-ns pulse. However further shortening of the pulse to 65 fs, as expected, does not make any significant differences (Table 1). Melanosomal response to laser heating might be an interesting topic. … 

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