#2-7. Basic Principles of Skin Rejuvenation Booster and Penetration Methods for the Improvement of Clinical Effects

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References

Gary J. Fisher, Ph.D., James Varani, Ph.D., John J. Voorhees, MD. Looking Older, Fibroblast Collapse and Therapeutic Implications. ARCH DERMATOL. 2008 MAY; 144(5): 666-672.

Moetaz El-Domyati, MD. et al. Efficacy of mesotherapy in facial rejuvenation: a histological and immunohistochemical evaluation. International Journal of Dermatology. 2012; 51: 913–919.

Toshio Nishiyama, MD. et al. The importance of laminin 5 in the dermal–epidermalbasement membrane. Journal of Dermatological Science. 2005; 25 Suppl. 1: S51–S59.

Trung T. Nguyen, Shahriar Mobashery, Mayland Chang. et al. Roles of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Cutaneous Wound Healing. (http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/64611)

Tosti A, De Padova MP. Atlas of Mesotherapy in Skin Rejuvenation. London: Informa; 2007.

Fisher GJ, Varani J, Voorhees JJ. Looking older: fibroblast collapse and therapeutic implications. Arch Dermatol. 2008; 144(5): 666–672.

Vedrenne N, Coulomb B, Danigo A, Bonté F, Desmoulière A. The complex dialogue between (myo)fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix during skin repair processes and ageing. Pathol Biol (Paris). 2012; 60(1): 20–27.

Quan T, Wang F, Shao Y, et al. Enhancing structural support of the dermal microenvironment activates fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes in aged human skin in vivo. J Invest Dermatol. 2013; 133(3): 658–667.

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Friedman M, Friedman B. Cell Communication: Understanding How Information Is Stored and Used in Cells. 1st ed. New York: Rosen Publishing Group; 2005.

Bradshaw RA, Dennis EA. Handbook of Cell Signaling. 2nd ed. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 2009.

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Antonella tosti. Atlas of Mesotherapy in Skin Rejuvenation. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2007.

Figure 6-2. Physical Enhancement Techniques.

Figure 7. Treatises that demonstrate the enhanced skin penetration as a result of using combinatorial techniques (Source: Maleenart Petchsangsai et al. The Combination of Microneedles with Electroporation and Sonophories to Ehnahce Hydrophilic Macromolecule Skin Penetration. Biol. Phar. Bull. 241; 37(8); 1373-1382; Andrés M. Erlendsson et al. Fractional Laser-Assisted Drug Delivery: Active Filling of Laser Channels With Pressure and Vacuum Alteration. Laser in Surgery and Medicine. 2016 Feb; 48(2): 116-124).